From 1938 to the Present:
Robbery, Rape and Repitition
How the Jewish Theater in the Nestroyhof
Challenges Our Ways.
by Warren Rosenzweig
Jewish Theater of Austria, www.jta.at
[DEUTSCH]
The initiative, since 2001, of the Jewish Theater of
Austria to rescue the former Jewish theater in Vienna at Praterstrasse 34 –
the "Nestroyhof" – has not been in vain. Now, after years of struggling with
disinterested city government officials and the secretive landlords of a
property obtained through National Socialism and retained through extreme
injustice, it finally seems clear that this gem of Austrian and Jewish
cultural heritage will be protected from further destruction. It will not
again be used as a supermarket (as it was for decades), nor will it become
what at least one of the Polsterer family landlords, Martin Gabriel, was
still vying for as late as June 2004: a commercial center for business
functions, gastronomy, and "clubbing".
But will it be a Jewish theater again, as it was at the time when Gabriel’s
elders stole it, through their collaboration with the Nazis, from Anna
Stein? Despite the efforts of the Polsterers to go on blithely evading the
problem as they have done for many years; despite the foreboding swastikas
that Mr. Gabriel has so long refused to remove from the inside walls of his
inherited stolen property; and despite the negligence of Vienna’s "Councilor
for Culture," Andreas Mailath-Pokorny, to give the matter its due attention,
the theater in the Nestroyhof will be a place of art and culture again. But
will justice be done?
Everyone knows that it’s futile to struggle for justice in the face of
sustained "Aryanization" in Austria. At least I’m often told that it’s
futile and that everyone knows. It’s all right for politicians to give windy
speeches about how they stand for the cause of justice. It’s all right for
academics to theorize and lecture on the problem of injustice and for
theologians to preach. But it’s not all right to actually do something about
it. For a Jew, it’s not even all right to speak. But is it all right for a
Jew not to speak? And is it all right not to act? And what about an
independent Jew – not a Jewish official – but an unfettered individual who
cares about heritage and is free to speak and free to act. Is it all right
to be free?
We live in a well organized state. In our daily lives, we reap the many
benefits of political, economic, and social organization. But as we know,
such organization comes to us at a price. Independence, for example, is not
well tolerated by the heads of our well organized state. Through the
elaborate mechanics of centralization, independence it is not even tolerated
in the arts. Yet it remains a venerated personal attribute – a quality we
revere in women and men of creativity and greatness and one we often
associate with responsibility and conscience.
But I was asking the question, "Will justice be done?" when I was
interrupted by thoughts of independence, responsibility, and conscience. The
question concerning the Nestroyhof is not philosophical, but practical. It’s
not a question of ideas, but of action…
For years, neither the Polsterers, who control the Nestroyhof, nor Andreas
Mailath-Pokorny, who controls the city’s huge public budget for culture,
have been willing to discuss the plan to restore the former Jewish theater
to its original function. My colleagues and I have never let these
circumstances dissuade us from acting on behalf of the artistic, cultural,
and just cause of rescuing the theater from further destruction and to
reestablish it as an international, intercultural center for performing
arts, centered on themes of living Jewish identity and experience (see
www.nestroyhof.at). The fact that the Polsterers are now finally willing to
allow their stolen property to be used for theater again is proof that even
the profiteers of Aryanization can learn if they must.
In place of the usual silence, denial, and disinformation, the family will
soon have to admit that the Nestroyhof is the site of Aryanized Jewish
cultural heritage. They will not have much choice. For years, the Jewish
Theater of Austria has been calling attention to the facts. They may have to
confess to various travesties of justice and, in time, perhaps we’ll reach a
point when the question will no longer be so much what happened as what can
be done about it now? The answer should be obvious: the Polsterers can show
that they are ready to break with the legacy of thievery by giving this one
piece of plundered property back to heritage and culture. Haven’t they made
money on Jewish blood long enough?
I’m less optimistic about the powerful Councilor for Culture, who has made
it clear to me since February 2002 that he doesn’t support the plan to
reestablish the Jewish theater. But then why wish for political
intervention, which typically comes at a price: the price of political
dependence, groveling, and censorship. Why not wish instead for
Mailath-Pokorny’s non-intervention. Let the politician stay home for a
change while creative culture reasserts a healthy will to independence.
But critics will want to know from where the funding should come to
renovate, reopen, and run the Jewish theater if not from Uncle M.P.? They
say that without his support, it cannot be done. Some say that without his
support it shouldn’t be done. And many will point out what the Counselor
himself has insisted all along: that the city can’t afford to support the
plan.
Decades of centralized theater arts funding – of the dependency of the
artist on political nepotism and "lobbying" – have made us a bit like circus
elephants, clinging to the little tails in front of our big noses. We’ve
learned to obey the snap of the whip and to keep our positions in the ring.
Hang on tight and there may be a handful of peanuts after the show. Let go
and risk the electric shock of the ringmaster’s prod. Then we’ll take your
ivory and the rest of you is glue!
I have no advise for circus elephants. But Jewish culture in Vienna was
never welcome in the ring of the highly celebrated Second Republic (1) to
begin with. The Jewish theater in the Nestroyhof can be and, ideally, should
be reestablished with as little government involvement as possible.
But critics will say that regardless of the situation prior to 1938, the
Jewish community in Vienna today is too small to warrant a Jewish theater.
Who will be its audience? Even among Jews, how many people in Vienna can
understand Yiddish (or is it Hebrew)? Why would an assimilated community be
interested in Jewish themes? What does religion have to do with theater?
"Jewish" theater means "ghetto" theater and is fundamentally racist. The
Torah itself warns against the depravity of theater. Since when does Jewish
identity need a theater for its expression? Besides, we already have Jewish
theater – the municipal theaters have often performed works by Jewish
authors and one of those theaters is even run by a Jew.
At a recent conference in Vienna, a well meaning speaker declared his basic
support for our plan to reestablish the Jewish theater with the caveat that
it must be a place where "Jewish and Aryan actors will play together on the
same stage." (2) The only ghetto in contemporary Vienna is the ghetto of
willful ignorance. In this Garden of Eden where the false security of
superstition continues to triumph over knowledge, even now its sedentary
dwellers are afraid to taste of the allegorical apple…
Mr. Gabriel has argued that the hall in the Nestroyhof wasn’t always a
Jewish theater. But it was nothing else from September 1927 until the
Anschluss in March 1938. What he doesn’t speak about (yet) is how his family
came to take possession of the property from Anna Stein in 1940. Nor does he
like to mention (yet) the profound Jewish consciousness of the Zionist
architect, Oskar Marmorek, or the numerous other "Jewish" characteristics of
the building and its history. Glücklich ist wer vergisst, was nicht mehr zu
ändern ist.(3) As Mr. Gabriel has stated, "it’s time to go on with our
lives." And I agree – it’s time to go on, but not without recovering what
can be recovered.
The Polsterers could say that their Aryanized property was forcibly
restituted in 1950 and then legally repossessed by them a few months later
from the then rightful heirs (4), fair and square, for 3.500 schillings. If
Anna Stein still has heirs today who wish to claim that in the post-war era
they were robbed again by means of coercion and fraud, where are they now?
Let them speak! The Polsterers could say this, but they don’t.
But why don’t they remove their swastikas? Mr. Gabriel has been promising
reporters that he would do so for nearly a year. Meanwhile, the arguments
for not removing them have come mainly from left-wing, ‘swastika tolerant’
individuals whose efforts to gloss over robbery and antisemitic
recalcitrance in the interest of personal opportunity only show that they
follow fashion along with their right-wing opponents.
On June 2, 2005, for example, at the opening of a photography exhibit
ironically called "Women in the Holocaust – Frauen im Wiederstand" ("Women
of the Resistance"), the name "Anna Stein" was forbidden, as well as any
talk about the Aryanization of the Nestroyhof, its continued possession by
the direct beneficiaries of plunder, or the counter-exhibit, the protected
swastika collection, just below the feet of the unsuspecting antifascist
visitors. The Counsilor for Culture himself blessed the event with a speech
that was free from any hint of the knowledge concerning the Nestroyhof to
which he had been privy for years. The organizer of the pro-resistance event
beseeched me not even to discuss these issues with people on the street
outside the entrance: "Every second house in Vienna," she said, "has
swastikas on the walls in the basement. It’s nothing new."
There have been and will be other collaborations with the effort to
whitewash the history of plunder (and to evade the question of justice) for
the chance to take turns in the rape of the Nestroyhof, now that the Jewish
Theater of Austria has uncovered her shroud again. While some of the latest
presenters claim to care, their use of the premises depends entirely on
their obedient allegiance with the profiteers of National Socialism (and
their mutual toleration, if necessary, of swastikas).
In the early 40s, at a time when bread was worth more than gold, the
Polsterers were the ones selling the bread.(5) The more miserable the fate
of the masses, the more wealth and property the Nazi family amassed…
For example, the building at Schottenfeldgasse 60 in Vienna was once home to
a synagogue, Hebrew school, and a number of Jewish families. Along with
other prized NS family assets such as the Nestroyhof, today it is still in
the possession of the notorious Polsterers. For many years, aging Aunt
Elisabeth Polsterer-Tree successfully thwarted public attempts to identify
the house with a commemorative plaque. In September 2004, the plaque was
finally installed against her will in the cement in the publicly owned
sidewalk, a few centimeters from the façade.(6) Directly across the narrow
street, the Jugendstil "Andreas Neider" house at Schottenfeldgasse 65 looks
on coolly, face-à-face, with patient irony. Another work by the Jewish
architect, Oskar Marmorek, it reminds us that there is strength in
independence, responsibility, and conscience.
Vienna, October 2005
[DEUTSCH]
What can be done?
If you’d like to assist the Nestroyhof Initiative, or have
information that may be of help, please contact us at
office@jta.at.
For more information, please visit
www.nestroyhof.at
Remarks:
(1) The year 2005 marks the national celebration of 60 years since the end
of WWII and 50 years since the signing of the Austrian State Treaty and the
birth of the new republic.
(2)
http://www.ceiberweiber.at/2004/juedischestheater1.htm
(3) "Happy are those who forget what is no longer subject to change." (Die
Fledermaus)
(4) Aranka Rosenzweig (New York), Melanie Arend (Portland, Oregon), Leontine
Goldschmidt (San Francisco), and Michael Goldschmidt (Haifa, Israel).
(5) Polsterer Agrarhandel GmbH & Co KG (www.polsterer.co.at)
(6)
http://www.ikg-wien.at/IKG/Members/irene/1049709045631/1100703199061?
portal_skin=Gemeinde&id=1101134816558
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